In our often stressful lives, one single thought can make a difference. These were the findings obtained by brain researchers in recent studies, which showed there are 13 common ‘mind traps’ that can constantly trigger stress reactions, even when the actual threat level is low. We might live in a stress-filled world, but experts say recognizing and changing some common negative thought patterns can save us a whole lot of exhaustion and unnecessary anxiety.

“Stress is like a guitar string. If it’s strung too loosely, it can only play flat, lower sounds, and if its strung too tightly, it produces excessively high, sharp tones, or indeed even snaps,” says stress researcher Jonathan S. Abramowitz of the University of North Carolina. “A guitar string must have the right tension in order to sound good. And when it comes to stress, we too need to find the right tensioning to ensure this stress plays out within a healthy range.”
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It might sound easy, but the reality isn’t so simple. After all, stress is defined as the sum of all our physical and mental reactions to our environment and the daily demands placed upon us. This is the reason stress reactions are often triggered too intensively and too permanently, and sustained tension can make people ill. And yet irksome situations only make up a small part of the triggers behind stress reactions, with 90 per cent of our stress tracing back to how we think about a challenge beforehand.

“If we recognize these thoughts and are able to stop feelings of lack from arising, stop thinking in black and white, and stop always wanting to have control over everything, we can use our ability to give preference to one thought over another,” says cellular biologist Dr Bruce Lipton. “Changing our thoughts can impact on how our brain communicates with the rest of the body. That is the safest way of ensuring more calmness and the greatest weapon against negative stress.”
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This World Mental Health Day, find out the 13 mind traps we constantly fall into and which immediately trigger stress, and what you can do about it:
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Perfectionism means spending at least 50% of your energy on the last (usually dispensable) 10 per cent of a task. This is pure stress. We get out of this stress by reviewing the demands we place on ourselves and our own performance. Anyone who frequently thinks ‘I must’ or ‘I musn’t’ will become stressed more easily than people who accept their limitations.
SAY THIS INSTEAD: I can do it
I don’t have enough time. I’m not supported, included, appreciated enough. Psychologists have noted how the thought of not having enough of something leads to negative stress, which in turn intensifies our feelings of lack. We keep repeating the problem to ourselves, and it becomes larger in our memory than it was in reality.
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A thought is like a behavioural pattern, says stress researcher Bruce McEwen. “So our brain doesn’t distinguish whether a thought is good or bad for us; whether we fear or yearn for something. It uncritically bases its decisions on what’s going on in our head.” If, say, we believe we have no control over events, then we are indeed powerless, a feeling that triggers emotional stress.
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If we generalize states of stress, we get stuck in a negative thought pattern. “We suddenly see everything as being bleak and start to believe the stress, which in reality only affects one area of our life, will sooner or later end up consuming our entire life,” says psychologist Kelly McGonigal. Our emotions are skewed so “we believe each of our thoughts to be true, no matter how absurd.”
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Our perception focuses only on that which fits with our assumptions. “What we see is a mini excerpt, and we call it reality. We should actually be calling it our own reality,” says psychologist Ilona Bürgel. Once we’ve zeroed in on the fact our work is stressful and annoying, it will be stressful and annoying because we only notice these aspects. We only notice the stress, be it mental or physical, because our thoughts do not permit any other truth.
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This mindset is a hallmark of tunnel vision, where we only take on board information which fits with our beliefs. This leads us to repeat old patterns and make poor decisions which put us under stress. “The very fact we were so sure of ourselves results in our brain setting off a loud alarm in the event of an error, even when a quiet warning tone would have sufficed,” says neurobiologist Gerald Huether.
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Our brain likes to be comfortable. If we don’t urge it on, it often sticks with solutions it has found before. While routine can sometimes be effective, if often fails to help us progress. And if out habitual thoughts get out of kilter, we come under pressure. It is precisely in stressful situations that we need to mentally run through alternatives to calmly find solutions to the problem.
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The world is beautiful – the world is horrible. If we think in black and white, we think in stereotypes. We don’t see any greys; no relationships, no alternatives. There is only an ‘either-or’, not a ‘both-and’. That’s why every shade of grey creates stress- because we don’t believe in flipping our views, and are unable to focus on what works in stressful situations.
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If we’ve learned to associate feelings of stress with a feeling of fear, we’ll experience every stressful situation as fear – even panic. It’s a mix up which can cause us to avoid stressful situations in the hope of escaping the fear. Researchers call it ‘avoidance behavior resistance’. “Anyone who resists will gradually lose strength. Because resistance means fighting what is, and that’s the greatest way to lose energy”, says stress manager Mirriam Priess.
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Social recognition is a basic human need. “When recognition is lacking, people inevitably feel invisible. They become negligent, dissatisfied, demotivated or even unwell,” says medical sociologist Johannes Siegrist. “Emotional stress primarily arises when there’s a rift between great effort and minimal recognition.” To avoid this pressure, we should trust in our own skills. They’ve long been recognised, we don’t need to prove them to anyone.
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We of course want to live up to certain expectations. However, if we try to live up to every single one all the time, we will eventually end up in a stress spiral. This is because firstly, it will never be possible, and secondly, we don’t live up to our own standards. At that moment, we’re no longer detached from the stressful event, which puts us under even more pressure.
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We should separate ourselves from the idea that things always go as we expect them to. They often end up differently to what we thought, which can make us very stressed. Psychologists speak of “incorrect conceptions”, which set off alarms in our brain.
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SAY THIS INSTEAD: There’s a lot I can’t control
This stems from a lack of trust: in yourself and those around you. Constantly controlling and calculating things makes us permanently agitated. Life constantly throws up situations we cannot change. “Someone who thinks they can control everything in life will find life very difficult and will be more likely to fall ill,” says psychology professor Guido Gendolla.
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Text: Bauer